Brazilian Lancehead
Bothrops moojeni
A medium to large lancehead pit viper of central Brazil's savanna, responsible for a significant number of snakebite cases in the region.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.0-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft), occasionally larger
- Range
- Central Brazil, including the Cerrado savanna
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Overview
The Brazilian Lancehead, also known as the caissaca, is one of the more medically important pit vipers in central Brazil, common across the Cerrado savanna and agricultural landscapes.
It is a member of the Bothrops genus, the group responsible for the majority of snakebite incidents across South America, and is well adapted to human-altered environments such as farmland.
How to identify it
- Brownish to grayish-tan base color with dark, alternating triangular or diamond-shaped blotches along the back
- Blotches often paler in the center
- Triangular head clearly distinct from a narrower neck
- Vertical pupils and heat-sensing facial pits
- Keeled scales giving a rough texture
- Distinguished from related lanceheads by pattern details and range within central Brazil
Habitat & range
Inhabits savanna (Cerrado), gallery forests, and agricultural areas including sugarcane and pasture land in central Brazil. Adapts well to disturbed and cultivated habitats, increasing encounter rates with humans.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal, though sometimes active at dusk. Ambushes small mammals, birds, and amphibians. Ovoviviparous, bearing live young in large litters. Considered defensive when threatened.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Brazilian Lancehead dangerous?
Yes, it is a venomous species responsible for many snakebite cases in central Brazil due to its abundance in farmland.
Where is it found?
Across the Cerrado savanna and agricultural regions of central Brazil.
What does 'caissaca' mean?
It is the common Portuguese name used for this species in Brazil.
What does it eat?
Small mammals, birds, and amphibians.
Brazilian Lancehead guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Brazilian Lancehead.
