Common Adder
Vipera berus
A small, widespread viper found across Europe and into northern Asia, notable for having the largest geographic range of any land snake species.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.5-0.75 m (1.6-2.5 ft)
- Range
- Europe and northern Asia
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Overview
The Common Adder is a small viper with an extraordinarily wide distribution, ranging from the British Isles across continental Europe and into Russia and parts of East Asia, giving it the largest range of any terrestrial snake species. It is the only venomous snake native to the United Kingdom.
It is venomous and its bite can cause significant illness, though fatalities are extremely rare in regions with modern medical care due to the relatively low potency of its venom compared to many other vipers.
How to identify it
- Relatively small, stout body with strongly keeled scales
- Background color highly variable: gray, brown, reddish, or (rarely) black, with a dark zigzag stripe running the length of the back
- Broad, triangular head with a distinctive dark 'V' or 'X' marking often visible on the head
- Vertical elliptical pupils
- Adults typically 0.5-0.75 m
- The dorsal zigzag pattern is a key identification feature distinguishing it from harmless grass snakes
Habitat & range
Occupies a wide range of habitats including heathland, moorland, woodland edges, grassland, and rocky hillsides across most of Europe and into Siberia and parts of East Asia, from lowlands up to subalpine elevations.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal, often basking in sunny spots, especially in cooler climates. Feeds primarily on small mammals, lizards, and occasionally amphibians and birds. Generally shy and avoids confrontation. Reproduction is viviparous, with females giving birth to litters of roughly 3-20 young.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Common Adder venomous?
Yes, it is venomous, though its bite is rarely fatal where medical care is available.
Where is the Common Adder found?
It has the largest range of any land snake, spanning Europe and much of northern Asia.
How can you identify a Common Adder?
By its stout body, keeled scales, and dark zigzag stripe running down its back.
Is the Common Adder the only venomous snake in the UK?
Yes, it is the only venomous snake native to the United Kingdom.
Common Adder guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Common Adder.
