Common Lancehead
Bothrops atrox
The most widespread lancehead of the Amazon Basin, a major cause of snakebite envenomation across tropical South America.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft)
- Range
- Amazon Basin, northern and central South America
Found a snake like this?
Identify any snake from a photo, free.
Overview
The Common Lancehead is one of the most abundant and medically significant pit vipers of the Amazon Basin, ranging across much of tropical South America. It closely resembles its Central American relative the Terciopelo and was once considered part of the same species complex.
Its body pattern consists of dark, triangular blotches over a tan, brown, or grayish background, offering strong camouflage in forest leaf litter.
How to identify it
- Tan to grayish-brown body with dark, triangular or trapezoidal blotches along the back
- Broad, lance-shaped head distinct from the neck, giving the genus its common name
- Vertical pupils and heat-sensing facial pits
- Pale, cream-colored underside
- Large adult size compared to many other Bothrops species
Habitat & range
Found in lowland tropical rainforest, secondary forest, and forest edges throughout the Amazon Basin. Frequently encountered near forest paths, streams, and clearings where prey is abundant.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal, ambushing small mammals, birds, and amphibians from concealed positions on the forest floor. Considered responsible for a large share of snakebite cases in the Amazon region due to its abundance. Live-bearing, with large litters.
Frequently asked questions
Why is the Common Lancehead significant?
It is one of the most frequently encountered venomous snakes across the Amazon Basin, contributing to a large number of regional snakebite cases.
How can I identify it?
Look for a tan to brown body with dark triangular blotches and a broad, lance-shaped head.
Where does it live?
Throughout the Amazon Basin and much of tropical northern and central South America.
What does it eat?
Small mammals, birds, and amphibians, ambushed from the forest floor.
Common Lancehead guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Common Lancehead.
