Common Puff Adder
Bitis arietans
A widespread and heavy-bodied African viper responsible for more snakebite fatalities than any other African species, due to its abundance and cryptic camouflage.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.8-1.4 m (2.6-4.6 ft)
- Range
- Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula
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Overview
The Common Puff Adder is one of Africa's most widely distributed and medically significant venomous snakes. Its thick body and excellent camouflage allow it to remain motionless and unnoticed, even in populated areas.
When disturbed, it inflates its body and hisses loudly, giving rise to its common name. It is a slow-moving but capable ambush predator.
How to identify it
- Thick, heavy body with chevron-shaped dark markings on a pale to yellowish-brown background
- Broad, flattened, triangular head
- Vertically elliptical pupils
- Rough, strongly keeled scales
- Loud hissing display when threatened
Habitat & range
Occupies a wide range of habitats including savanna, grassland, semi-desert, and forest edges throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal but may bask by day. Relies on camouflage and ambush to catch rodents, birds, and other small vertebrates. Gives birth to live young in large litters.
Frequently asked questions
Why is the Puff Adder considered so dangerous?
Its wide distribution, abundance, and reliance on camouflage lead to frequent, often accidental, encounters with people.
How does it defend itself?
It inflates its body and produces a loud hiss as a warning before striking.
What does it eat?
It preys on rodents, birds, and other small animals using ambush tactics.
Where does it live?
It is found across a wide range of habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
Common Puff Adder guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Common Puff Adder.
