Habu
Protobothrops flavoviridis
A large, aggressive pit viper endemic to Japan's Ryukyu Islands, notorious as the region's most medically significant snake.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft), occasionally over 2 m
- Range
- Ryukyu Islands of Japan, including Okinawa and Amami
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Overview
The Habu is a substantial pit viper found only on the Ryukyu island chain of Japan, where it is deeply embedded in local culture and folklore. It is one of the largest venomous snakes in East Asia and is responsible for the majority of snakebite incidents in the region.
Despite its fearsome reputation, the Habu plays an important ecological role as a predator of rodents on the islands it inhabits.
How to identify it
- Olive-yellow to yellowish-green background color overlaid with dark, irregular blotches
- Long, slender body with a distinctly triangular, broad head
- Vertical pupils and deep facial pits between eye and nostril
- Rough, keeled scales giving a slightly dull texture
- Can exceed 2 m, making it notably longer than most Asian pit vipers
- Distinguished from similar species by its size and the specific blotch pattern on the Ryukyu Islands
Habitat & range
Inhabits forests, farmland edges, rocky terrain, and even human settlements throughout the Ryukyu Islands including Okinawa, Amami Oshima, and nearby islets. Found from sea level into hilly forested interiors, often near stone walls and abandoned structures that provide cover and rodent prey.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal, becoming most active after dusk. Known for a defensive and sometimes bold temperament when encountered. Feeds on rodents, birds, and other small vertebrates, striking from ambush. Reproduction is oviparous, with females laying clutches of eggs in concealed sites during warmer months.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Habu venomous?
Yes, it is venomous and considered the most medically important snake in the Ryukyu Islands.
Where is the Habu found?
It is endemic to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, including Okinawa and Amami Oshima.
How big does a Habu get?
Adults typically reach 1.2-1.8 m, with some individuals exceeding 2 m.
Is the Habu active during the day or night?
It is primarily nocturnal.
Habu guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Habu.
