Long-Nosed Viper
Vipera ammodytes
Europe's most venomous snake, easily recognized by the small, soft nasal horn on the tip of its snout.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.5-0.9 m (1.6-3 ft)
- Range
- Southeastern Europe, the Balkans, and parts of the Middle East
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Overview
The Long-Nosed Viper is widespread across the Balkans and parts of southeastern Europe and Anatolia, favoring warm, rocky hillsides. It is regarded as the most dangerously venomous snake in Europe due to its potent venom and relatively large size.
Despite its reputation, it is generally shy and prefers to flee rather than confront, though it will strike readily if threatened or surprised.
How to identify it
- Distinctive small, soft, upturned horn-like scale on the tip of the snout
- Zigzag dorsal pattern in gray, brown, or reddish tones along the back
- Broad, triangular head clearly distinct from the neck
- Vertical pupils
- Look-alike separation: the nasal horn readily distinguishes it from other European vipers such as the common European adder
Habitat & range
Found in dry, rocky, sunny habitats including hillsides, vineyards, stone walls, and open woodland edges from sea level up to over 2,000 m in mountainous parts of its range.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal in cooler seasons, becoming crepuscular in hot summer weather. Feeds on small mammals, lizards, and birds. Ambushes prey from cover. Gives birth to live young in late summer.
Frequently asked questions
Why does the Long-Nosed Viper have a horn?
It has a small, soft scale projection on its snout, the function of which is not fully understood but may aid in camouflage.
Is the Long-Nosed Viper the most dangerous snake in Europe?
It is often considered Europe's most venomous and medically significant snake species.
Where is the Long-Nosed Viper found?
Across the Balkans, parts of Italy, and into Anatolia and the Middle East.
What does the Long-Nosed Viper eat?
Small mammals, lizards, and birds.
Long-Nosed Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Long-Nosed Viper.
