Millard's Hump-Nosed Pit Viper
Hypnale nepa
A small, stout, terrestrial hump-nosed pit viper endemic to Sri Lanka with an upturned snout.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.3-0.5 m (1-1.6 ft)
- Range
- Sri Lanka
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Overview
This small, terrestrial pitviper belongs to the genus Hypnale, a group of hump-nosed vipers endemic to Sri Lanka and southern India. It is distinguished from close relatives by subtle morphological features and its highland Sri Lankan distribution.
It is a ground-dwelling species found in leaf litter and low vegetation, notable for a venom capable of causing significant local effects.
How to identify it
- Small, stout body
- Brown or grayish coloration with darker blotches or crossbands, often cryptic
- Slightly upturned, hump-like snout
- Triangular head, vertical pupils
- Keeled scales
- Distinguished from other Hypnale species by snout shape and scale counts
Habitat & range
Found in leaf litter, low vegetation, and forest floor habitats in Sri Lanka, including hill-country forest and adjacent cultivated areas.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal and terrestrial, hiding under leaf litter or debris by day. Feeds on frogs, lizards, and invertebrates. Ambush predator using heat-sensing pits. Viviparous reproduction.
Frequently asked questions
Is this hump-nosed pit viper venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper capable of causing significant bites.
Where is it found?
It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Why is it called 'hump-nosed'?
Because of its slightly upturned, hump-like snout.
What does it eat?
Frogs, lizards, and invertebrates.
Millard's Hump-Nosed Pit Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Millard's Hump-Nosed Pit Viper.
