Mole Viper
Atractaspis bibronii
A small, cylindrical, burrowing snake with unusual side-swiping fangs, found across much of sub-Saharan Africa.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.3-0.7 m (1-2.3 ft)
- Range
- Sub-Saharan Africa
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Overview
The Mole Viper, also known as a stiletto snake, is a fossorial species notable for its unique fang mechanism: it can strike sideways with a single protruding fang without opening its mouth widely, making it especially dangerous.
Despite the common name, mole vipers are not true vipers but belong to their own family adapted for burrowing lifestyles.
How to identify it
- Cylindrical, glossy body, uniformly dark brown, gray, or black
- Small, blunt head barely distinct from neck
- Tiny eyes with round pupils
- Very short tail ending in a small spine
- Smooth scales adapted for burrowing; lacks the triangular head typical of true vipers
Habitat & range
Found in a wide range of habitats including savanna, woodland, and semi-arid scrub across sub-Saharan Africa, usually below ground in loose soil, leaf litter, or under debris.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Nocturnal and fossorial, rarely seen above ground except after rain. Feeds on small burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates. Uses a unique lateral striking motion with laterally protruding fangs to bite. Lays eggs.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Mole Viper dangerous?
Yes, it is venomous and its unusual sideways fang movement makes it particularly hazardous.
Is the Mole Viper a true viper?
No, it belongs to a separate family (Atractaspididae) despite the common name.
Where does the Mole Viper live?
Across much of sub-Saharan Africa, mostly underground in soil and leaf litter.
What does the Mole Viper eat?
Small burrowing animals such as rodents, other reptiles, and invertebrates.
Mole Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Mole Viper.
