Pygmy Rattlesnake
Sistrurus miliarius
A small, secretive rattlesnake with a faint, buzzy rattle often described as insect-like.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.4-0.6 m (16-24 in)
- Range
- Southeastern United States, from North Carolina to Louisiana and Florida
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Overview
The pygmy rattlesnake is one of the smallest rattlesnakes in North America, rarely exceeding two feet in length. Despite its diminutive size, it possesses functional venom glands and a tiny rattle that produces a soft buzz audible only at short range.
It is widespread across the coastal plain of the southeastern United States, favoring pine flatwoods, sandhills, and wetland edges.
How to identify it
- Small, stout body with gray, tan, or reddish ground color
- Row of dark blotches down the back, often with a faint reddish stripe
- Tiny rattle, frequently broken or barely audible
- Vertical pupils and heat-sensing pits
- Keeled scales giving a rough texture
Habitat & range
Found in pine flatwoods, sandhills, mixed forests, and margins of marshes and swamps. Often near water. Occurs from sea level to low elevations throughout its range.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Active by day and night depending on season, more nocturnal in summer heat. Feeds on small lizards, frogs, and mice. Gives live birth to small litters. Generally reluctant to strike unless provoked.
Frequently asked questions
How loud is its rattle?
Very soft, often compared to an insect buzz and audible only a short distance away.
Is it venomous?
Yes, though its venom yield is small due to its size.
Where does it live?
The southeastern coastal plain of the United States, in pine flatwoods and wetland edges.
How big does it get?
Typically 16-24 inches (0.4-0.6 m), among the smallest rattlesnakes.
Pygmy Rattlesnake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Pygmy Rattlesnake.
