Snake Identifier
West African Gaboon Viper (Bitis rhinoceros)
Bitis gabonica rhinoceros (5) by TimVickers, via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
Vipers

West African Gaboon Viper

Bitis rhinoceros

A massive, ornately patterned viper native to West African rainforests.

Adult length
1.2-1.8 m (4-6 ft)
Range
West Africa (rainforest belt)

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Overview

The West African Gaboon Viper is among the largest vipers in the world, distinguished by its intricate geometric pattern of browns, purples, and creams that provides remarkable camouflage on the forest floor.

How to identify it

  • Complex geometric pattern of tan, brown, purple, and cream markings resembling fallen leaves
  • Very large, broad, triangular head with small horns above the nostrils
  • Vertically elliptical pupils
  • Extremely heavy, thick body
  • Distinguished from the East African Gaboon Viper by nasal horn structure and range

Habitat & range

Inhabits lowland tropical rainforest and forest edges throughout West Africa.

Behavior, diet & reproduction

Nocturnal, slow-moving ambush predator relying on camouflage to catch rodents and other small mammals. Gives birth to live young.

Frequently asked questions

How can I tell it apart from the East African Gaboon Viper?

Differences in nasal horn scales and geographic range separate the two species.

Where does it live?

It inhabits rainforests across West Africa.