Western Ratsnake
Pantherophis obsoletus • Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Colubrinae, Genus: Pantherophis, Species: P. obsoletus
Vast range across the central United States, from the Mississippi River west to the Rocky Mountains and from southern Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico.
Look up Western Ratsnake in the Snake Encyclopedia →Venomous Status
Non-venomous (aglyphous teeth)
Danger Level
Harmless. Though they can be defensive if cornered and deliver a painful bite, they pose no threat to life and lack venom.
Family
Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Colubrinae, Genus: Pantherophis, Species: P. obsoletus
Conservation
Least Concern (IUCN). Common and adaptable, though often killed by humans due to confusion with venomous species.
Physical Description
Large, powerful body with weakly keeled scales. Adults are often solid black or dark brown with white/cream bellies and light labial scales. Juveniles exhibit a blotched pattern. Head is distinct from the neck with large eyes and round pupils.
Size & Dimensions
Large snake; adults typically range from 3.5 to 6 feet (106 to 183 cm). This specimen appears to be an adult of average size.
Habitat
Highly adaptable; found in hardwood forests, rocky timbered hillsides, river floodplains, and frequently near human structures like barns and attics. Semi-arboreal.
Behavior & Temperament
Diurnal and crepuscular; active hunters. When threatened, they may freeze, rattle their tail in dry leaves to mimic a rattlesnake, or release a foul-smelling musk. Generally docile if not harassed.
Diet & Feeding
Active forager; specializes in rodents, birds, and eggs. They are powerful constrictors that often climb trees or rafters to find prey.
Reproduction
Oviparous (egg-laying); females lay clutches of 10-25 eggs in mid-summer which hatch in late summer or early autumn.
Venom Profile
Non-venomous - no medically significant venom.
Look-alikes
Often confused with the North American Racer (smooth scales) or various species of King Snakes. Juveniles are frequently mistaken for venomous copperheads or timber rattlesnakes due to their blotched patterns.
Conservation Status
Least Concern (IUCN). Common and adaptable, though often killed by humans due to confusion with venomous species.
Cultural Significance
Highly valued by farmers and homeowners for excellent pest control service, keeping rodent populations in check.
Notable Features
Renowned for their exceptional climbing ability; they are frequently found in high tree branches or inside wall voids and rafters where other snakes cannot reach.