Common Watersnake
Nerodia sipedon • Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Nerodia, Species: sipedon
Commonly found throughout North America, specifically in the eastern and central United States and south-central Canada.
Look up Common Watersnake in the Snake Encyclopedia →Venomous Status
Non-venomous
Danger Level
Harmless; however, they can be highly defensive if handled, frequently biting and secreting a foul-smelling musk.
Family
Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Nerodia, Species: sipedon
Conservation
Least Concern (IUCN Red List); widespread and adaptable, though often killed by humans who mistake them for venomous species.
Physical Description
Thick-bodied snake with keeled scales. Coloration ranges from brownish to grey or black with darker crossbands or blotches that may fade with age. Large, flattened head with prominent eyes and round pupils.
Size & Dimensions
Typically ranges from 60 to 120 cm (24–47 inches) in length, with females being significantly larger than males.
Habitat
Semiaquatic, living in or near freshwater sources such as lakes, ponds, marshes, and slow-moving streams. Often found basking on rocks or logs near the water's edge.
Behavior & Temperament
Diurnal and crepuscular; highly defensive when threatened. Often mistaken for venomous cottonmouths due to their defensive displays, which include flattening their heads and striking repeatedly.
Diet & Feeding
Primarily feeds on small fish, frogs, and other amphibians. They are active hunters both in and out of water.
Reproduction
Viviparous (gives birth to live young). Breeding occurs in spring, with litters ranging from 15 to 30 young born in late summer.
Venom Profile
Non-venomous - no medically significant venom.
Look-alikes
Often confused with the venomous Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus). Distinguishable by round pupils and lack of a heat-sensing pit between the eye and nostril.
Conservation Status
Least Concern (IUCN Red List); widespread and adaptable, though often killed by humans who mistake them for venomous species.
Cultural Significance
Crucial for controlling fish and amphibian populations; often misunderstood and persecuted due to appearance.
Notable Features
Excellent swimmers that can remain underwater for extended periods while hunting or hiding from predators.