Cross-marked Sand Snake

The cross-marked sand snake is a small, agile snake found across parts of southern Africa, easily recognized by the dark cross- or arrowhead-shaped mark on the back of its head and neck. It is one of the smaller members of the Psammophis genus of fast-moving sand snakes.

Like other sand snakes, it possesses mild rear-fanged venom used for subduing prey, but it is not considered a threat to humans.

• Small, slender body, olive-brown to gray in color
• Distinctive dark cross- or arrow-shaped marking on the nape and head
• Fine longitudinal striping sometimes present along the body
• Large eyes with round pupils
• Smooth scales

The nape marking resembling a cross or arrowhead is the defining identification feature of this species.

This species occurs in grassland, savanna, fynbos, and coastal scrub across southern Africa, typically favoring open, sunlit habitats with grass cover or low shrubs for basking and foraging.

Cross-marked sand snakes are diurnal, active hunters that pursue small lizards, frogs, and invertebrates using speed and sharp vision, subduing prey with mild venom. They are alert and quick to dart for cover when threatened. Reproduction is oviparous, with small clutches of eggs laid in sheltered ground sites.