Snake Identifier
Forest Cobra (Naja melanoleuca)
Cobra des forêts by Warren Klein, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
Cobras & elapids

Forest Cobra

Naja melanoleuca

The largest true cobra species, an elapid of Central and West African forests with a glossy dark body and pale lip markings.

Adult length
1.8-2.7 m (6-9 ft)
Range
Central and West Africa

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Overview

The Forest Cobra is the largest species of true cobra, native to the rainforests and woodlands of Central and West Africa. It is a powerful, fast-moving elapid capable of significant size.

It tends to avoid confrontation when possible.

How to identify it

  • Large, robust cobra, typically 1.8-2.7 m (6-9 ft), among the largest of all cobras
  • Glossy black, dark brown, or banded coloration with a pale yellow or white marking on the upper lip
  • Relatively narrow hood compared to some other cobra species
  • Round pupils and smooth, glossy scales
  • Powerful, muscular build

Its large size, glossy dark coloration, and pale lip markings distinguish it from other African cobras.

Habitat & range

This species inhabits tropical rainforest, forest edges, and adjacent savanna and swamp habitats, often near water. It ranges across Central and West Africa, including the Congo Basin, and is a strong swimmer frequently found near rivers and lakes.

Behavior, diet & reproduction

The Forest Cobra is active by both day and night and is an agile climber and swimmer. It has a varied diet including rodents, amphibians, fish, and other reptiles. When threatened, it can raise a substantial portion of its body and spread a hood while hissing. It is egg-laying, with females depositing clutches of 15-25 eggs.

Frequently asked questions

How big does the Forest Cobra get?

It is the largest true cobra species, typically 1.8-2.7 m (6-9 ft) long.

Where is the Forest Cobra found?

It ranges across the rainforests and woodlands of Central and West Africa, including the Congo Basin.

Can the Forest Cobra swim?

Yes, it is a strong swimmer often found near rivers and lakes.