Levantine Viper
Macrovipera lebetina
One of the largest and most medically important vipers of the Middle East and Central Asia, capable of delivering a substantial venom dose.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 1-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft), occasionally larger
- Range
- Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of the Mediterranean
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Overview
The Levantine Viper is a large, heavy-bodied viper found across a wide range from the eastern Mediterranean through the Middle East and into Central Asia. It is considered one of the more dangerous snakes within its range due to its size and potent venom.
Several subspecies are recognized across its broad distribution, with some island populations showing distinct characteristics.
How to identify it
- Heavy, robust body with a broad, distinct triangular head
- Grayish, tan, or brownish background color with dark, often irregular blotches or crossbands along the back
- Rough, strongly keeled scales
- Vertically elliptical pupils
- Blunt snout tip
- Distinguished from smaller vipers within its range by its considerably larger size and heavier build
Habitat & range
Occupies rocky hillsides, semi-arid scrub, agricultural land, and open woodland across the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of the eastern Mediterranean, from lowlands to moderate elevations.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal in warmer months, more diurnal in cooler weather. Feeds on rodents, birds, and lizards. Egg-laying, unlike many other vipers which give live birth.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Levantine Viper dangerous?
Yes, it is a large, venomous snake considered medically significant across much of its range.
Where is it found?
Across the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of the eastern Mediterranean, including some islands.
How can I identify it?
Look for its large size, heavy body, broad head, and dark blotched pattern on a grayish-brown background.
Does it lay eggs or give live birth?
It lays eggs, unlike many other viper species that bear live young.
Levantine Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Levantine Viper.
Levantine Viper identified by the community
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