Water Snake
Nerodia sipedon
A heavy-bodied, aquatic colubrid frequently mistaken for venomous cottonmouths.
- Venomous?
- Non-venomous
- Adult length
- 0.6-1.4 m (2-4.5 ft)
- Range
- Eastern and central North America
Found a snake like this?
Identify any snake from a photo, free.
Overview
The common water snake is a widespread, non-venomous species found in and around freshwater habitats throughout eastern North America. It is often confused with venomous water moccasins due to its similar habitat and defensive behavior.
Although harmless, it can be aggressive when cornered, flattening its body and striking repeatedly, which contributes to its fearsome reputation.
How to identify it
- Heavy body with brown, gray, or reddish banding that darkens with age
- Older individuals may appear nearly solid dark brown or black
- Round pupils and no heat-sensing pits
- Keeled scales
- Bands often blotchy and irregular, more distinct near the head
Habitat & range
Lives in ponds, lakes, streams, marshes, and rivers across its range. Common in both rural and suburban wetland areas at low to moderate elevations.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Active during the day and at dusk, often basking on branches or rocks near water. Feeds on fish and amphibians. Gives live birth. Known for vigorous defensive displays including musking and biting when handled.
Frequently asked questions
Is it venomous?
No, it is completely non-venomous, though it can bite in self-defense.
How is it different from a cottonmouth?
Water snakes have round pupils, no heat pits, and swim with their body low in the water rather than floating high.
What does it eat?
Primarily fish and amphibians such as frogs and tadpoles.
Where is it found?
Throughout eastern and central North America near freshwater habitats.
Water Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Water Snake.
