Common Garter Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis • Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Thamnophis, Species: T. sirtalis
Widely distributed throughout North America, ranging from the subarctic regions of Canada down through most of the United States to parts of northeastern Mexico.
Look up Common Garter Snake in the Snake Encyclopedia →Family
Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Thamnophis, Species: T. sirtalis
Conservation
IUCN Red List status is Least Concern, due to their wide distribution, high adaptability, and large population sizes, though local populations can face threats from habitat loss and road mortality.
Physical Description
This specimen displays distinct dark vertical bars along the labial scales (lips) which are characteristic of garter snakes. The scales are strongly keeled, giving a textured appearance. The head is slightly distinct from the neck, with round pupils and dark stripes running horizontally along the side of the head.
Size & Dimensions
The visible portion is just the head; adult sizes typically range from 46 to 137 cm (18 to 54 inches) in total length, with females generally larger than males.
Habitat
Found in a diverse range of habitats including meadows, marshes, woodlands, and along the edges of streams and ponds. They are often found near water but can also thrive in drier environments, including suburban backyards and parks.
Diet & Feeding
Diet consists of a wide variety of prey including earthworms, amphibians, fish, small mammals, and birds. They are active foragers that rely on keen senses of smell and tongue-flicking to locate prey.
Reproduction
Viviparous (giving birth to live young rather than laying eggs). Mating typically occurs in the spring shortly after emerging from hibernation, resulting in litters that can range from 10 to upwards of 40 or more young.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List status is Least Concern, due to their wide distribution, high adaptability, and large population sizes, though local populations can face threats from habitat loss and road mortality.
Cultural Significance
Frequently encountered in suburban and agricultural areas, playing an important role in controlling populations of amphibians and invertebrates. They are often kept as pets and used in educational settings.
Notable Features
Known for their incredible adaptability and tolerance of human-altered landscapes. When captured, they often release a foul-smelling musk from their cloacal glands.