Massasauga
Sistrurus catenatus • Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Viperidae, Subfamily: Crotalinae, Genus: Sistrurus, Species: S. catenatus
Found in North America, primarily across parts of the central and eastern United States and southern Ontario, Canada.
Look up Massasauga in the Snake Encyclopedia →Family
Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Viperidae, Subfamily: Crotalinae, Genus: Sistrurus, Species: S. catenatus
Conservation
Listed as Least Concern globally by the IUCN, though many local and regional populations face threats due to habitat fragmentation, wetland drainage, and human persecution.
Physical Description
Displays a brownish-gray background coloration with darker, rounded dorsal blotches edged with lighter scales. The head is distinctively broad and triangular, with visible dark facial markings and keeled scales along the robust, thick body.
Size & Dimensions
Specimens typically range from 45 to 75 cm (18 to 30 inches) in total length, with maximum lengths approaching 100 cm (39 inches).
Habitat
Typically inhabits wetlands, wet prairies, sedge meadows, and adjacent dry forests or fields, utilizing burrows, logs, and dense vegetation for cover.
Diet & Feeding
Prefers small mammals such as mice and voles, as well as small reptiles and amphibians, utilizing an ambush hunting strategy.
Reproduction
Ovoviviparous species, giving live birth to litters typically ranging from 5 to 20 young in late summer or early autumn.
Conservation Status
Listed as Least Concern globally by the IUCN, though many local and regional populations face threats due to habitat fragmentation, wetland drainage, and human persecution.
Cultural Significance
Plays an important role in local ecosystems as a predator of small rodents and amphibians, while holding cultural significance and visibility in regional conservation efforts across North America.
Notable Features
Features a segmented rattle at the tip of the tail (which can be partially seen or implied) used for acoustic warning displays when disturbed, and heat-sensing pits located between the eye and nostril.