Common Garter Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis • Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Thamnophis, Species: T. sirtalis
Widely distributed across North America, ranging from the subarctic regions of Canada down through the United States to parts of Mexico and Florida.
Look up Common Garter Snake in the Snake Encyclopedia →Family
Order: Squamata, Suborder: Serpentes, Family: Colubridae, Subfamily: Natricinae, Genus: Thamnophis, Species: T. sirtalis
Conservation
IUCN Red List status is Least Concern, due to its extremely wide distribution, high adaptability, and large overall population size. Threats include habitat destruction, road mortality, and intentional killing.
Physical Description
Slender body with dark coloration (brown to black) overlaid with alternating checkerboard spots and visible light dorsal and lateral stripes running along the length of the body. Scales are keeled, providing a textured appearance.
Size & Dimensions
The pictured specimen appears to be a juvenile, roughly 8 to 12 inches long. Adults typically range from 18 to 26 inches (46 to 66 cm), with maximum recorded lengths reaching up to 50 inches (130 cm).
Habitat
Found in a diverse array of habitats including grasslands, woodlands, marshes, agricultural fields, and suburban backyards, typically near permanent or temporary water sources.
Diet & Feeding
Diet consists of amphibians, earthworms, small fish, and occasionally small rodents or insects. They actively forage using sensory cues such as tongue-flicking.
Reproduction
Viviparous (giving birth to live young). Mating occurs in the spring shortly after emerging from hibernation, resulting in litters typically ranging from 10 to 40 offspring, though larger litters can occur.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List status is Least Concern, due to its extremely wide distribution, high adaptability, and large overall population size. Threats include habitat destruction, road mortality, and intentional killing.
Cultural Significance
Often encountered in suburban areas, serving an important ecological role in controlling pest and amphibian populations. Frequently kept as a beginner educational pet in North America.
Notable Features
Demonstrates remarkable ecological adaptability and preys on species like rough-skinned newts.