Garter Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis
One of North America's most widespread and familiar snakes, easily recognized by its longitudinal stripes and adaptability to varied habitats.
- Venomous?
- Mildly venomous
- Adult length
- 0.5-1.3 m (1.5-4 ft)
- Range
- North America, from Canada to Central America
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Overview
The garter snake is among the most commonly encountered snakes across North America, thriving in habitats ranging from suburban gardens to mountain meadows. It belongs to a diverse genus, Thamnophis, that includes dozens of species and subspecies with varied color patterns.
While it produces a mild toxin in its saliva that helps subdue small prey, it poses no meaningful danger to people and is generally considered harmless.
How to identify it
- Slender body with three light longitudinal stripes (dorsal and two lateral) on a darker background
- Background color varies widely: olive, brown, gray, or black depending on subspecies and region
- Keeled (ridged) dorsal scales giving a slightly rough texture
- Round pupils and a narrow head not much wider than the neck
- Distinguished from ribbon snakes by proportionally shorter tail and stockier build
Habitat & range
Extremely adaptable, occupying grasslands, forests, wetlands, and urban gardens throughout most of North America, from southern Canada down through the United States into parts of Central America. Often found near water but also common in dry upland areas.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal and active across a wide range of temperatures, sometimes seen even on cool days. Feeds opportunistically on earthworms, amphibians, fish, and small invertebrates. Live-bearing, with females producing sizable litters in summer.
Frequently asked questions
Are garter snakes dangerous?
No, they are considered harmless to humans despite producing a mild toxin used to subdue small prey.
What do garter snakes eat?
Earthworms, amphibians, small fish, and other invertebrates.
How can you identify a garter snake?
Look for three light stripes running the length of a slender, keeled-scaled body.
Where do garter snakes live?
Across nearly all of North America, in habitats from gardens to wetlands to forests.
Garter Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Garter Snake.
Garter Snake identified by the community
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