Great Plains Rat Snake
Pantherophis emoryi
A gray-brown rat snake with dark blotches and a distinctive arrow-shaped mark on the head, common in the prairie states.
- Venomous?
- Non-venomous
- Adult length
- 0.9-1.2 m (3-4 ft)
- Range
- Central United States and northern Mexico, from Colorado to Texas
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Overview
The Great Plains rat snake is a widespread constrictor of the central grasslands, valued by farmers for its rodent-control habits. It closely resembles other Pantherophis species but is typically paler and marked with a characteristic dark spearhead pattern on the top of its head.
It adapts well to a range of habitats from rocky outcrops to agricultural land, often taking shelter in rodent burrows, under rocks, or inside old structures.
How to identify it
- Light gray, tan, or yellowish-gray ground color
- Row of dark brown or gray blotches down the back
- Arrow or spear-shaped marking on top of the head
- Two dark stripes running from the eyes toward the jaw
- Weakly keeled dorsal scales; round pupils
Habitat & range
Occupies prairies, rocky hillsides, open woodlands, and farmland across the central Great Plains. Frequently found near rock piles, barns, and rodent burrow systems.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Mostly nocturnal in hot weather, more diurnal in cooler seasons. Feeds on rodents, birds, and their eggs, killed by constriction. Lays clutches of eggs in early summer under logs or in loose soil.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Great Plains rat snake dangerous?
No, it is a nonvenomous constrictor and not dangerous to humans.
What is distinctive about its head markings?
It has a dark, arrow- or spear-shaped marking on top of its head that helps distinguish it from similar species.
What does it eat?
Primarily small rodents, along with birds and bird eggs.
Great Plains Rat Snake guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Great Plains Rat Snake.
