Indian Cobra

The Indian Cobra is one of the most well-known snakes in the world, native to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the 'big four' snakes of India, with a wide distribution and frequent proximity to human settlements.

• Medium-large snake, typically 1-1.5 m (3.3-5 ft)
• Variable coloration from black and brown to yellowish or speckled
• Distinctive hood displaying a spectacle-like double-circle marking on the back when raised, though the pattern can be faint or absent
• Round pupils and smooth scales
• Broad hood formed by elongated ribs when threatened

The spectacle marking on the hood, when present, is a classic identifying feature, though populations vary and some individuals show a single-eye or no hood marking.

This species is highly adaptable, inhabiting forests, agricultural land, wetlands, and densely populated areas including villages and city outskirts. It is found throughout the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, often near human dwellings where rodent prey is abundant.

The Indian Cobra is active by day and night depending on temperature, often more active at dusk. It feeds on rodents, frogs, birds, and other snakes, playing an important role in controlling rodent populations near agricultural areas. When disturbed, it raises the front of its body, spreads its hood, and hisses loudly. It is egg-laying, with females depositing clutches of around 10-30 eggs.