Berg Adder
Bitis atropos
A small mountain-dwelling viper of southern Africa notable for venom that primarily affects the nervous system, unusual among vipers.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.3-0.5 m (1-1.6 ft)
- Range
- Southern Africa (mountainous regions)
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Overview
The Berg Adder is a small, high-altitude specialist found in the mountainous regions of southern Africa. Unlike most vipers, its venom has significant neurotoxic effects in addition to typical viper venom components.
It is well camouflaged among rocky, grassy slopes and relies on cryptic coloration rather than speed to avoid detection.
How to identify it
- Grayish to brown body with dark, irregular blotches
- Small, triangular head distinct from a narrow neck
- Vertically elliptical pupils
- Rough, keeled scales
- Distinguished from other adders by small size and high-elevation habitat
Habitat & range
Occurs in mountainous grassland and rocky slopes at high elevations across southern Africa, including the Drakensberg range.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal, often basking on rocks. Feeds on lizards, rodents, and amphibians. Gives birth to live young. Tends to be sluggish but can strike quickly if disturbed.
Frequently asked questions
What makes the Berg Adder's venom unusual?
It contains notable neurotoxic components, which is atypical for most viper species.
Where does it live?
It inhabits mountainous grasslands and rocky slopes in southern Africa.
Is it a large snake?
No, it is a relatively small viper, rarely exceeding half a meter.
What does it eat?
It preys on lizards, small rodents, and amphibians.
Berg Adder guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Berg Adder.
