Many-Horned Adder
Bitis cornuta
A rocky-habitat adder distinguished by clusters of small spiny scales above each eye, unlike the single horn of related species.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 30-45 cm (12-18 in)
- Range
- Western coastal regions of South Africa and southern Namibia
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Overview
The Many-Horned Adder is a small viper restricted to the rocky and sandy terrain of South Africa's west coast and southern Namibia. It is named for the multiple small pointed scales projecting above each eye.
Its patterning provides excellent camouflage among lichen-covered rocks and sparse desert vegetation.
How to identify it
- Small viper with several small spiky scales clustered above each eye (rather than a single horn)
- Grey to brown base color with dark, often chevron-shaped blotches
- Rough keeled dorsal scales
- Broad triangular head with narrow neck
- Separated from Horned Adder by the multiple ocular scales versus a single horn
Habitat & range
Rocky outcrops, coastal fynbos, and semi-desert scrub along South Africa's western coast and into southern Namibia.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Primarily nocturnal, sheltering under rocks or vegetation by day. Ambush predator feeding on lizards and occasionally small mammals. Viviparous, producing small litters of live young.
Frequently asked questions
What distinguishes it from the Horned Adder?
It has multiple small spiky scales above each eye rather than one large horn scale.
Where does it live?
Rocky and sandy habitats along South Africa's west coast and southern Namibia.
Is it venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous viper, though bites to humans are uncommon.
What does it eat?
Mostly small lizards ambushed from concealment among rocks.
Many-Horned Adder guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Many-Horned Adder.
