Meadow Viper
Vipera ursinii
A small, threatened viper of montane meadows and steppe grasslands in southern and southeastern Europe, with a mild venom rarely of medical concern.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.35-0.5 m (1.1-1.6 ft)
- Range
- Southern and southeastern Europe
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Overview
The Meadow Viper is one of the smallest European vipers, restricted to fragmented populations of montane grasslands and steppe habitats across southern and southeastern Europe. Several isolated subspecies exist, many considered threatened due to habitat loss.
Although venomous, its small size and relatively mild venom mean its bite is rarely of significant medical concern to humans, and it is generally considered a species of conservation interest rather than a public safety concern.
How to identify it
- Small, slender body rarely exceeding 0.5 m
- Keeled scales and a background color of gray, brown, or olive with a dark, often narrow zigzag stripe
- Head only slightly broader than the neck, less pronounced triangular shape than larger vipers
- Vertical elliptical pupils
- Distinguished from other European vipers primarily by its small size and grassland habitat preference
Habitat & range
Inhabits montane meadows, steppe grasslands, and open pastures at moderate to high elevations across fragmented parts of France, Italy, the Balkans, and into Hungary and surrounding areas. Populations are often isolated and localized.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Diurnal, active during warm daylight hours in its cool montane habitats. Feeds mainly on grasshoppers, other insects, and occasionally small lizards. Reproduction is viviparous, with females giving birth to small litters, often fewer than 10 young.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Meadow Viper dangerous to humans?
It is venomous but its bite is rarely of significant medical concern due to its small size and mild venom.
Where is the Meadow Viper found?
In fragmented montane meadow and steppe habitats across southern and southeastern Europe.
How big does the Meadow Viper get?
It is one of the smallest European vipers, typically 0.35-0.5 m (1.1-1.6 ft).
Is the Meadow Viper endangered?
Many populations are considered threatened due to habitat loss and fragmentation.
Meadow Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Meadow Viper.
