Nepal Pit Viper
Gloydius himalayanus
A stocky mountain pit viper of the Himalayan region, tolerant of cool high-altitude conditions.
- Venomous?
- Venomous
- Adult length
- 0.4-0.7 m (1.3-2.3 ft)
- Range
- Himalayan foothills of Nepal, northern India, and Pakistan
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Overview
The Nepal pit viper, also known as the Himalayan pit viper, is one of the few pit vipers adapted to high-elevation, cool Himalayan habitats. It belongs to the Gloydius group of Asian pit vipers related to mamushis.
Its thick body and cryptic coloration help it survive in rocky, temperate montane environments.
How to identify it
- Grayish-brown to reddish-brown body with darker dorsal blotches
- Stocky, heavy-bodied build typical of Gloydius species
- Broad, triangular head distinct from the neck
- Vertically elliptical pupils
- Keeled scales
- Distinguished from lowland vipers by its high-elevation range and blotched pattern
Habitat & range
Inhabits rocky slopes, alpine meadows, and scrubland at elevations from around 1,500 to over 4,000 meters in the Himalayas of Nepal, northern India, and Pakistan.
Behavior, diet & reproduction
Active during warmer daylight hours given the cool climate, becoming more crepuscular in summer lowland edges. Feeds on small mammals, lizards, and amphibians. Bears live young, an adaptation suited to cold climates.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the Nepal pit viper live?
It is found in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal, northern India, and Pakistan, often at high elevations.
Is it venomous?
Yes, it is a venomous pit viper.
How does it survive cold mountain climates?
It gives live birth rather than laying eggs, an adaptation common in cold-climate vipers.
What does it eat?
Small mammals, lizards, and amphibians found in its rocky mountain habitat.
Nepal Pit Viper guides
In-depth guides for identifying and understanding Nepal Pit Viper.
